Studsvik Joins Partnership for Four-Unit BWRX-300 Project in Southern Sweden

A consortium consisting of Studsvik, GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GVH), GE Vernova Financial Services, DS Investment Partners, and Samsung C&T has signed an agreement to advance the ReFirm nuclear program at Studsvik's sites in Sweden. The ReFirm program, which became part of the Studsvik Group through the acquisition of Kärnfull Next, is a multi-site small modular reactor (SMR) and new nuclear development initiative. The program focuses on light-water SMR technology, with plans for multiple units at "SMR parks" and a target for the first unit to be commissioned in the mid-2030s.

Under the new agreement, the partners will immediately commence joint development work, covering commercial, technical, regulatory, and financing aspects during an exclusive period. Studsvik will be responsible for permitting, environmental impact assessments, site rights, community engagement, and dialogue with the Swedish state. GVH will lead reactor design, licensing support, and cost estimation, acting as the design authority. Together with Samsung C&T, GVH will form the execution team, providing single-point responsibility for design and construction delivery.

During the exclusivity period, DS Investment Partners will lead investment efforts, while GE Vernova Financial Services will provide advisory and financial structuring support. A joint project company will be established to manage the development, financing, construction, ownership, and operation of the plants, with definitive agreements to finalize these details. The agreement covers potential sites at Nyköping and Valdemarsvik, with initial development planned for a four-unit BWRX-300 project, totaling approximately 1,200 MWe, at one of these locations.

The phased, multi-unit structure is designed to promote standardization across the program and facilitate the application of lessons learned from early deployments to subsequent units, aiming to improve cost, schedule, and productivity. This approach also seeks to maximize Swedish industrial participation throughout engineering, procurement, construction, and long-term operations. The broader objective is to build a supply chain capable of supporting not only the initial project but also subsequent units and wider deployment opportunities in Sweden and Europe.

GVH's BWRX-300 is a 300 MWe water-cooled, natural circulation SMR featuring passive safety systems, leveraging the design and licensing basis of GEH's ESBWR boiling water reactor. The first BWRX-300 is currently under construction at Ontario Power Generation's Darlington site in Canada, with completion anticipated by the end of the decade.

The Pink Corridor project is investigating the security and safeguards necessary for the adoption of nuclear power in commercial shipping. The project centers on a theoretical nuclear-powered container ship operating between the Port of Charleston in South Carolina and the Port of Felixstowe in Suffolk, England. Partners in the project will assess the requirements for port access along this route.

Key areas of focus for the project include ship security, safeguards, cyber resilience, emergency response protocols, insurance frameworks, and the alignment of maritime and nuclear regulatory expectations. This work is intended to support broader maritime development under the US-UK Technology Prosperity Deal, which includes a bilateral commitment to explore civil maritime nuclear applications and the potential establishment of a shipping corridor between the two countries.

Lloyd's Register stated that the Pink Corridor project aims to establish a structured basis for collaboration, helping stakeholders understand the practical requirements, existing gaps, and future work needed before a nuclear maritime corridor could be considered. The initial phase's outcomes will guide the scope of a potential second phase, which may include further study in engineering, regulatory, legislative, security, and safeguards frameworks for nuclear merchant ships.

Nick Gross, Global Containerships Segment Director at Lloyd's Register, highlighted the project's importance for applying nuclear technology in merchant shipping, emphasizing its practical, collaborative approach to addressing security and safeguards for safe operations. Adam Ramsey, Commercial Director of the Port of Felixstowe, noted the port's role in providing practical insight as the UK's largest container port. Tom Boyle, SC Ports' Director of Vessel Operations and Carrier Sales, stated that the conceptual project allows for studying the possibility of a nuclear-powered maritime corridor for the Port of Charleston.

This collaboration builds on a previous study by Core Power, Maersk, Lloyd's Register, and the Port of Rotterdam in the Netherlands. That study examined safety, operational, and regulatory aspects of a nuclear-powered container ship calling at a European Union port. Released in June, the study concluded that the primary obstacles to nuclear ship port calls are not technical, but rather relate to local and international regulatory alignment, governance, risk management integration, and public acceptance.

The shipping industry consumes approximately 350 million tonnes of fossil fuel annually, contributing about 3% of global carbon emissions. In July 2024, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) approved new targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions, aiming for net-zero emissions by or around 2050. A July 2024 report by Lloyd's Register suggested that nuclear power could transform the maritime industry by enabling emissions-free shipping, extending vessel lifecycles, and removing fuel and refueling infrastructure uncertainties. However, the report also stressed the need to address regulation and safety for widespread commercial adoption.

Various development projects are underway for using nuclear power in civilian vessels. The IMO is revising the Safety Code for Nuclear Ships, and the International Atomic Energy Agency recently launched its Applications at Sea (ATLAS) initiative. ATLAS aims to support the maritime industry's exploration of small modular reactors (SMRs) for powering civilian ships and providing offshore energy, as operators seek alternative fuels and enhanced long-term energy security.